Diversity of Orchids Under Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F) Stands in Magelang Regency, Central Java: Initial Effort for Conservation
Keanekaragaman Anggrek di Bawah Tegakan Jati (Tectona grandis Linn. F) di Kabupaten Magelang, Jawa Tengah: Upaya Awal Konservasi
Abstract
Orchid diversity is increasingly threatened by habitat degradation and land-use change, highlighting the need to identify alternative habitats capable of supporting long-term conservation. Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) plantations have the potential to serve as secondary habitats for epiphytic orchids; however, their ecological significance remains insufficiently documented. This study aimed to inventory orchid diversity under teak stands in Magelang Regency, Central Java, and evaluate interspecific morphological variation as baseline information for conservation planning. A descriptive-exploratory survey was conducted across three sampling plots through orchid inventories, environmental measurements, and morphological characterization. Biodiversity was assessed using the Margalef richness index (DMg), Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′), Pielou evenness index (E), and Sorensen similarity index (IS), while morphological variation was evaluated using 36 vegetative and generative characters followed by UPGMA cluster analysis. A total of 12 epiphytic orchid species representing nine genera were recorded. Species richness was classified as low to moderate (DMg = 1.838), whereas Shannon–Wiener diversity (H′ = 1.690) and Pielou evenness (E = 0.680) indicated a moderately diverse orchid community with a relatively balanced species distribution. Morphological characterization revealed high variation (mean H′ = 0.893), with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.14 to 0.92. These findings demonstrate that teak stands provide suitable habitats for the In Situ conservation of epiphytic orchids and offer valuable baseline information for germplasm management, biodiversity conservation, and future orchid breeding programs.
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