Daya Dukung Hijauan Pakan untuk Mendukung Keberlanjutan Agribisnis Sapi Perah Rakyat di Kabupaten Sleman
Forage Carrying Capacity to Support the Sustainability of Smallholder Dairy Agribusiness in Sleman Regency
Abstract
Hijauan pakan merupakan faktor kunci dalam keberlanjutan usaha sapi perah karena berperan sebagai sumber nutrien utama bagi ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya dukung hijauan pakan di Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta dan implikasinya terhadap keberlanjutan usaha sapi perah. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Cangkringan dengan responden 80 peternak yang ditentukan secara purposive sampling.Penelitian dilakukan selama 6 bulan yaitu dimulai dari Bulan Juli hingga Desember 2025. Pengumpulan data dimulai dari survei, observasi, wawancara responden dan pengukuran langsung. Pengukuran yang dilakukan yaitu komposisi botani, produksi hijauan dan kapasitas tampung pada dua ketinggian tempat (500 mdpl dan 900 mdpl) yang dilakukan dengan teknik sampling. Untuk membedakan produksi hijauan dan kapasitas tampung antara kedua ketinggian tempat dianalisis menggunakan independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, rumput mendominasi dengan persentase rerata sebesar 83,60%. Perbedaan ketinggian tempat memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi hijauan segar. Produksi hijauan segar pada ketinggian tempat 500 mdpl lebih tinggi dibandingkan produksi hijauan segar ketinggian tempat 900 mdpl. Perbedaan ketinggian tempat memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap carrying capacity (UT/Ha/Tahun). Ketinggian tempat 500 mdpl memiliki kapasitas tampung yang lebih tinggi (3,42 UT/Ha/Tahun) dibandingkan dengan ketinggian tempat 900 mdpl (0,22 UT/Ha/Tahun). Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan daya dukung pakan perlu dilakukan melalui introduksi leguminosa berkualitas, perbaikan manajemen padang penggembalaan, optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan hijauan pakan ternak, serta penerapan teknologi konservasi pakan untuk menjamin ketersediaan hijauan sepanjang tahun. Strategi tersebut diharapkan mampu meningkatkan produksi hijauan dan kapasitas tampung sehingga mendukung keberlanjutan agribisnis sapi perah di Kabupaten Sleman.
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