Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Minyak Sawit Indonesia di Pasar Global Periode 2011-2025
Analysis of the Export Competitiveness of Indonesian Palm Oil in the Global Market (2011–2025)
Abstract
Minyak sawit merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor strategis Indonesia yang memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap perolehan devisa dan perdagangan internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan ekspor serta mengevaluasi daya saing komparatif minyak sawit Indonesia (HS-1511) di pasar global selama periode 2011-2025. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari International Trade Centre (ITC) Trade Map dan dianalisis dengan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), serta statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif tertinggi dibandingkan Malaysia, Thailand, Belanda, dan Papua Nugini dengan nilai RCA rata-rata sebesar 50,59 dan nilai RSCA rata-rata sebesar 0,9605. Selain itu, Indonesia juga memiliki tingkat stabilitas daya saing tertinggi yang ditunjukkan oleh koefisien variasi RCA sebesar 13,83% dan koefisien variasi RSCA sebesar 0,60%. Thailand menunjukkan peningkatan daya saing yang signifikan dengan nilai RCA meningkat dari 0,77 pada tahun 2011 menjadi 2,21 pada tahun 2025 serta nilai RSCA meningkat dari -0,1281 menjadi 0,3772. Sebaliknya, Belanda mengalami penurunan daya saing secara bertahap hingga kehilangan keunggulan komparatif sejak tahun 2020. Hasil analisis RCA dan RSCA secara konsisten mengonfirmasi bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara dengan daya saing komparatif paling kuat dan paling stabil dalam perdagangan minyak sawit dunia selama periode penelitian. Oleh karena itu, penguatan hilirisasi, peningkatan produktivitas, diversifikasi pasar ekspor, dan pemenuhan standar keberlanjutan internasional perlu terus dilakukan untuk mempertahankan posisi kompetitif Indonesia di pasar global.
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