Analisis Mitigasi Risiko dan Strategi Peningkatan Resiliensi Rantai Pasok Pangan dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim
Analysis of Risk Mitigation and Strategies to Enhance Food Supply Chain Resilience in the Face of Climate Change
Abstract
Perubahan iklim merupakan tantangan besar yang memengaruhi keberlanjutan rantai pasokan pangan melalui gangguan terhadap produksi, distribusi, dan ketersediaan pangan. Meningkatnya frekuensi kejadian cuaca ekstrem, perubahan pola curah hujan, dan ketidakpastian iklim telah memperburuk kerentanan sistem pangan di berbagai wilayah. Banyak penelitian telah membahas dampak perubahan iklim terhadap sistem pangan, tetapi temuan-temuan ini tersebar di berbagai konteks dan pendekatan penelitian. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko utama yang ditimbulkan oleh perubahan iklim terhadap rantai pasokan pangan, menganalisis strategi mitigasi risiko yang diterapkan untuk mengurangi dampaknya, dan mengevaluasi kontribusi strategi-strategi ini dalam meningkatkan ketahanan rantai pasokan pangan. Studi ini menggunakan metode Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis (SLR), yang melibatkan identifikasi, penyaringan, pemilihan, dan pengintegrasian literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Enam puluh artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dianalisis, dan tiga puluh tiga artikel kunci dipilih yang secara langsung terkait dengan pertanyaan penelitian. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa risiko utama yang dihadapi rantai pasokan pangan meliputi penurunan produktivitas pertanian, kejadian cuaca ekstrem, gangguan distribusi pangan, volatilitas harga, dan peningkatan kerentanan sistem pangan. Strategi mitigasi yang luas yang diterapkan meliputi digitalisasi rantai pasokan, penggunaan kecerdasan buatan, Pertanian Cerdas Iklim, sistem informasi geografis, kebijakan adaptif, dan diversifikasi sistem produksi. Strategi-strategi ini berkontribusi pada peningkatan kapasitas adaptif, kapasitas pemulihan, dan ketahanan sistem pangan terhadap berbagai gangguan. Oleh karena itu, penguatan ketahanan rantai pasokan pangan membutuhkan pendekatan terpadu yang melibatkan teknologi, kebijakan, dan penguatan kelembagaan.
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