Article Details
Transformasi Genetik pada Tanaman Pakan Lokal: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur tentang Peningkatan Nutrien untuk Peternakan Berkelanjutan
Genetic Transformation of Local Forage Crops: A Literature Review on Nutrient Enhancement for Sustainable Livestock
Main Article Content
Transformasi genetik merupakan strategi potensial untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi dan ketahanan tanaman pakan, sehingga memberikan manfaat besar bagi produktivitas ternak dan pertanian berkelanjutan, terutama di negara berkembang dengan keterbatasan kualitas pakan. Artikel ini meninjau penerapan berbagai teknik transformasi genetik, termasuk transformasi yang dimediasi Agrobacterium, biolistik, CRISPR/Cas9, transgenik, dan interferensi RNA (RNAi) dalam perbaikan kualitas nutrisi serta pengurangan faktor anti-gizi pada tanaman pakan utama. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap lebih dari 60 publikasi internasional terindeks Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect pada periode 2000–2025. Seleksi dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yang relevan dengan tanaman pakan seperti jagung, kedelai, singkong, dan sorgum. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif-komparatif, dengan peringkasan kuantitatif menggunakan analisis kecenderungan rata-rata dan perbandingan antarspesies. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa transformasi genetik mampu meningkatkan kadar asam amino esensial, kandungan energi, serta menurunkan faktor anti-nutrisi pada tanaman pakan. Perubahan ini terbukti meningkatkan performa hewan dan efisiensi konversi pakan dalam berbagai sistem produksi. Namun, adopsi di negara berkembang masih rendah karena kendala biaya, keterbatasan infrastruktur, tantangan regulasi, dan skeptisisme publik. Dengan dukungan kebijakan yang tepat, investasi pada sarana penelitian, serta edukasi masyarakat, transformasi genetik berpotensi menjadi instrumen kunci dalam memperkuat kualitas pakan dan mendukung ketahanan pangan di wilayah dengan sumber daya terbatas melalui pengembangan sistem peternakan yang lebih berkelanjutan.
Received: 03 Jul 2025; Accepted: 14 Oct 2025; Available Online: 03 Feb 2026;
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