Article Details
Karakteristik Usaha Tani dan Penerapan Teknologi Budidaya Kopi Robusta di Kabupaten Kepahiang Provinsi Bengkulu
Main Article Content
Latar belakang: Kabupaten Kepahiang merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kopi robusta di Provinsi Bengkulu, tetapi produktivitas kopi rakyat masih relatif rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik usaha tani serta penerapan teknologi budidaya kopi robusta di Kabupaten Kepahiang
Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kepahiang, Provinsi Bengkulu, pada Januari–Desember 2025. Data diperoleh melalui survei terhadap 200 petani kopi robusta yang dipilih secara proporsional dari seluruh kecamatan berdasarkan luas perkebunan kopi, dengan pemilihan responden menggunakan convenience sampling. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan tabulasi, persentase, dan nilai rata-rata.
Hasil: Sebagian besar petani mengelola lahan seluas 1–2 hektare (76,00%) dengan status kepemilikan sendiri (89,33%), sedangkan 48,67% tanaman berada pada umur 5–15 tahun. Sistem tanam terdiri atas monokultur (30,67%), tumpangsari tanaman semusim (21,33%), tanaman tahunan (22,67%), serta kombinasi semusim dan tahunan (25,33%). Tanaman penaung yang digunakan beragam, dengan gamal sebagai jenis yang paling banyak digunakan dan juga dimanfaatkan sebagai penopang lada. Sebanyak 74% petani melakukan pemupukan, tetapi jenis dan dosis pupuk masih beragam. Produktivitas rata-rata kopi mencapai sekitar 782 kg/ha/tahun
Kesimpulan: Usaha tani kopi robusta di Kabupaten Kepahiang memiliki modal dasar berupa kepemilikan lahan, tanaman produktif, dan tenaga kerja keluarga, tetapi penerapan teknologi budidaya masih beragam. Pengembangan usaha tani perlu diarahkan pada peningkatan kapasitas teknis petani, optimalisasi sumber daya, diversifikasi secara selektif, serta penguatan akses terhadap sarana produksi dan kelembagaan untuk mendukung produktivitas dan keberlanjutan agribisnis kopi robusta.
Received: 14 Aug 2026; Accepted: 29 Sep 2026; Available Online: 30 Sep 2026;
Alfayanti, A., Rosmanah, S., Fauzi, E., Hidayat, T., & Wahyuni, T. (2022). Pengetahuan dan Respon Petani Terhadap Teknologi Budidaya Kopi Robusta (Studi kasus Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Kabawetan Kabupaten Kepahiang). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Universitas PGRI Palangka Raya, 1, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.54683/puppr.v1i0.7
Ardiansyah, W., Indrianti, M. A., Djibran, Moh. M., & Hippy, D. R. (2022). Keragaan usahatani lahan kering pada petani transmigran (Studi kasus di Desa Saritani Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Boalemo). Jurnal Agriovet, 4(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.51158/agriovet.v4i2.726
Astuti, Y. T. M., Santosa, T. N. B., Putra, D. P., Rahayu, E., Solifudin, A., & Nugraha, G. H. (2020). Karakteristik vegetatif dan taksasi produksi kopi robusta tahun 2018 dan 2019 (Survey pada perkebunan kopi rakyat di Dusun Mandang, Desa Sucen, Kecamatan Gemawang, Kabupaten Temanggung). AGROMIX, 11(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.35891/agx.v11i2.1937
Avelino, J., Gagliardi, S., Perfecto, I., Isaac, M. E., Liebig, T., Vandermeer, J., Merle, I., Hajian-Forooshani, Z., & Motisi, N. (2023). Tree Effects on Coffee Leaf Rust at Field and Landscape Scales. Plant Disease, 107(2), 247–261. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-21-1804-FE
Badan Pusat Statitik. (2025). Kabupaten Kepahiang dalam Angka 2025 (Vol. 21). Badan Pusat Statistik.
Burgess, A. J., Correa Cano, M. E., & Parkes, B. (2022). The deployment of intercropping and agroforestry as adaptation to climate change. Crop and Environment, 1(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2022.05.001
Buyinza, J., Muthuri, C. W., Denton, M. D., & Nuberg, I. K. (2023). Impact of tree pruning on water use in tree-coffee systems on smallholder farms in Eastern Uganda. Agroforestry Systems, 97(5), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-023-00842-2
Byrareddy, V., Kouadio, L., Mushtaq, S., & Stone, R. (2019). Sustainable Production of Robusta Coffee under a Changing Climate: A 10-Year Monitoring of Fertilizer Management in Coffee Farms in Vietnam and Indonesia. Agronomy, 9(9), 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090499
Carbajo‐Alvarez, G., Rosero, G., & Brümmer, B. (2025). Do Sustainable Agricultural Practices Boost Production and Technical Efficiency? A Case Study of Coffee Smallholders in Peru. Agribusiness, 41(4), 936–955. https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.22005
Cardoso-Magaña, A. J., Montero-Cortés, M. I., Qui-Zapata, J. A., Chávez-Rodríguez, A. M., Mancilla-Margalli, N. A., López-Velázquez, J. C., Farias-Cervantes, V. S., Andrade-González, I., Rivera-Rodríguez, D. M., & Bejarano-Rebolledo, F. (2024). Effect of Light Quality on the seed Germination and Development of Coffee Seedlings (Coffea arabica). Plants, 13(13), 1772. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131772
ewi, Y. A., Hutahaean, L., & Rubiyo. (2021). Improving productivity and competitiveness of Kepahiang robusta coffee through innovation and partnership. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 782(3), 032004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/3/032004
Diro, S., Tesfaye, A., & Erko, B. (2022). Determinants of adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices in the coffee-based farming system of Ethiopia. Agriculture & Food Security, 11(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-022-00385-2
Duffy, C., Toth, G. G., Hagan, R. P. O., McKeown, P. C., Rahman, S. A., Widyaningsih, Y., Sunderland, T. C. H., & Spillane, C. (2021). Agroforestry contributions to smallholder farmer food security in Indonesia. Agroforestry Systems, 95(6), 1109–1124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00632-8
Etafa, A. T. (2022). Effect of dominant shade tree species on selected soil physicochemical properties and coffee production in Sayyo district, western Ethiopia. Trees, Forests and People, 8, 100245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2022.100245
Etienne, H., Breton, D., Breitler, J.-C., Bertrand, B., Déchamp, E., Awada, R., Marraccini, P., Léran, S., Alpizar, E., Campa, C., Courtel, P., Georget, F., & Ducos, J.-P. (2018). Coffee Somatic Embryogenesis: How Did Research, Experience Gained and Innovations Promote the Commercial Propagation of Elite Clones From the Two Cultivated Species? Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1630. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01630
Evizal, R., Prasmatiwi, F. E., Widagdo, S., & Septiana, L. M. (2022). Peningkatan Produktivitas Kopi Sistem Sambung Interspesifik Robusta/Liberika. Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(2), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v6i2.5047
Gebisa, L. A. (2023). Effects of Vertical Number and Topping Practice on Growth and Yields of Stumped Coffee at Awada South Ethiopia. American Journal of Plant Biology, 8(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20230801.11
Hanapi, S., Malau, L. R. E., Laksono, P., Alfayanti, Ulya, N. A., Hutapea, Y., Damayanti, E. C., Fitriani, Y., Anita, Y., & Saisan, D. G. M. (2024). Semendo Coffee Development and Partnership Strategy to Enhance Governance for Food Security and Climate Change Mitigation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1323(1), 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1323/1/012011
Hartatri, D. F. S., & Neilson, J. (2021). Livelihood strategies of smallholder coffee farmers: Case study in Simalungun, North Sumatera. E3S Web of Conferences, 306, 02051. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130602051
Hendrayana, J., Kurniati, D., & Kusrini, N. (2020). Hubungan karakteristik dan tingkat kesejahteraan petani pada usahatani karet (Studi kasus di Desa Teraju Kecamatan Toba Kabupaten Sanggau). JURNAL AGRICA, 13(2), 144–153. https://doi.org/10.31289/agrica.v13i2.4196
Nakyagaba, W. N., Talwana, H., Kyamanywa, S., Kagezi, G. H., Bamutaze, Y., Mfitumukiza, D., Twinomuhangi, R., Bukomeko, H., Mukasa, D., Fungo, B., Piet, V. A., & Jassogne, L. (2024). Biophysical Constraints to Robusta Coffee Productivity in Low, Moderate, and High Rainfall Areas. International Journal of Agronomy, 2024(1), 4683226. https://doi.org/10.1155/ioa/4683226
Piato, K., Lefort, F., Subía, C., Caicedo, C., Calderón, D., Pico, J., & Norgrove, L. (2020). Effects of shade trees on robusta coffee growth, yield and quality. A meta-analysis. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 40(6), 38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-00642-3
Romdhon, M. M., Nusril, N., & Setiawan, D. (2021). Robusta Coffee Supply Chain System In Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. Agric, 33(2), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.24246/agric.2021.v33.i2.p129-142
Rosmanah, S., Hidayat, T., Alfayanti, A., Wahyuni, T., Afrizon, & Fauzi, E. (2024). Pengaruh Kombinasi Pemupukan Terhadap Komponen Hasil Kopi Robusta. Prosiding Penerapan Teknologi Maju untuk Agroindustri Berkelanjutan, 28–37.
Rowe, R. L., Prayogo, C., Oakley, S., Hairiah, K., Van Noordwijk, M., Wicaksono, K. P., Kurniawan, S., Fitch, A., Cahyono, E. D., Suprayogo, D., & McNamara, N. P. (2022). Improved Coffee Management by Farmers in State Forest Plantations in Indonesia: An Experimental Platform. Land, 11(5), 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11050671
Tran, H., Nathan, S., Ilmma, A., Burkiewicz, M., & Wisana, D. G. K. (2021). Identifying limiting factors for feasible productivity improvement for smallholder farmers in coffee sector in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Agriculture, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g050202
Wulandari, S., Djufry, F., & Hartati, R. S. (2022). Agricultural Innovation System Development to Support Environmental Management Implementation in Coffee Smallholder Plantation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 950(1), 012065. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/950/1/012065
