Identifikasi Mikroorganisme Kontaminan pada Biji Pala di Pulau Ambon
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Abstract
Pala merupakan salah satu komoditas pemasok terbesar kebutuhan pala di dunia terkhususnya Indonesia karena Indonesia merupakan pengekspor biji pala dan fuli terbesar di pasaran dunia. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah komoditas pala asal Indonesia pernah mengalami 20 kasus penolakan pala Indonesia oleh Uni Eropa karena adanya kontaminasi jamur Aspergillus flavus pada biji pala yang diekspor. Perlu adanya upaya penanganan serius meminimalisasikan mikroorganisme kontaminan pada biji pala. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di negeri Allang, Liliboi, Hatu dan Seith. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mikroorganisme kontaminan pada biji pala di tingkat petani, pedagang pengumpul dan eksportir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penanganan pasca panen pala yang belum dilakukan secara baik dan benar, salah satunya di tingkat petani dan pedagang pengumpul tidak melakukan pengukuran kadar air biji pala. Hal ini penting dalam menunjang keberadaan mikroorganisme kontaminan pada biji pala tersebut. Mikroorganisme kontaminan yang ditemukan pada biji pala adalah jamur Aspergillus flavus, Aspegillus niger, Rhyzopus stolinifer, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., dan Colletotrichum gloespoerioides. Mikroorganisme kontaminan yang ditemukan pada biji pala di tingkat petani dan pedagang pengumpul tidak berbeda yakni ditemukan lima jenis yaitu Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhyzopus stolinifer, Penicillium sp., dan Thricoderma sp., berbeda dengan dua jenis mikroorganisme kontaminan yang ditemukan pada biji pala di tingkat eksportir yaitu Rhyzopus stolinifer dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
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