Review: Potensi Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa F. Spontanea) untuk Menjawab Tantangan Penyediaan Sumber Gen Penting dalam Perakitan Tanaman Tangguh Iklim
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Abstract
Padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan komoditas penting ke-dua di Dunia dan menjadi makanan utama di Asia. Perubahan iklim memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan menimbulkan berbagai bencana. Perubahan iklim juga menyebabkan pengaruh yang variatif terhadap padi. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa F. Spontanea) selama ini dianggap sebagai gulma dan menjadi ancaman diberbagai negara meskipun masih termasuk dalam spesies padi budidaya. Eksistensi weedy rice menunjukkan karakter toleran terhadap berbagai cekaman yang dapat ditransfer ke padi budidaya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut review terkait karakter karakter dan gen-gen penting penting dilakukan untuk menyediakan informasi bagi pemulia dalam merakit tanaman tangguh iklim (climate resilience plants). Hasil dari review ini menunnjukkan bahwa weedy rice memiliki karakter yang berkorelasi dengan gen-gen yang tahan terhadap cekaman (biotik dan abiotik). Beberapa gen yang meregulasi karakter tersebut sudah ditemukan, beserta beberapa lokusnya. Kedepannya weedy rice dapat menjadi alternatif dalam penyediaan gen donor untuk merakit tanaman padi yang resisten terhadap berbagai cekaman.
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