Respons Sifat Kimia Tanah terhadap Pemberian Biochar Kulit Kakao sebagai Soil Amandement di Tanah Grumosol
Abstract
Tanah Grumosol adalah jenis tanah yang banyak mengandung liat sehingga mampu menyimpan unsur hara, tetapi sering mengikat fosfor (P) dan kalium (K). Akibatnya, tanaman sulit menyerap kedua unsur tersebut walaupun jumlahnya ada di dalam tanah. Limbah kulit kakao dapat diolah menjadi biochar (arang hayati) dan digunakan untuk memperbaiki tanah karena dapat meningkatkan pH, menambah karbon organik, dan membantu menjaga unsur hara agar tidak hilang. Namun, sifat biochar sangat dipengaruhi oleh suhu pembuatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana reaksi tanah Grumosol setelah diberi biochar kulit kakao yang dibuat pada dua suhu berbeda, yaitu 300°C dan 500°C, dengan jumlah biochar yang sama di setiap perlakuan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan: tanpa biochar (kontrol), biochar 300°C, dan biochar 500°C; masing-masing diulang empat kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada pH tanah, karbon organik, nitrogen total, fosfor tersedia, dan kalium tersedia, sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjelaskan apakah biochar kulit kakao mampu mengurangi pengikatan P dan K oleh tanah Grumosol, meningkatkan ketersediaan hara bagi tanaman, serta memengaruhi kemampuan tanah menyimpan unsur hara. Penelitian ini sekaligus mengisi kekurangan penelitian sebelumnya mengenai penggunaan biochar kulit kakao pada tanah liat berat seperti Grumosol.
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