Transformasi Limbah Rumah Tangga menjadi Pupuk Organik Cair: Dampaknya terhadap Produktivitas dan Kualitas Tanah Entisol
Abstract
Limbah organik rumah tangga sangat potensial untuk diolah menjadi pupuk organik cair (POC) yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam peningkatan kesuburan tanah marginal, termasuk tanah Entisol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh aplikasi POC terhadap tanah ordo Entisol serta pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata). Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan lima taraf konsentrasi POC, yaitu 0, 100, 200, 300, dan 400 mL/L, masing-masing diulang sebanyak empat kali. POC diaplikasikan melalui penyiraman pada dua minggu setelah tanam, sedangkan pupuk anorganik diberikan sebesar 50% dari konsetrasi rekomendasi. Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa POC mengandung 4,61% C-organik, 0,45% N-total, 0,29% P-total, dan 0,48% K-total. Aplikasi POC secara konsisten meningkatkan kadar C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, dan K-dd tanah, meskipun tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pH tanah. Perbaikan kondisi kimia tanah tersebut berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan komponen pertumbuhan vegetatif dan hasil, meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, panjang tongkol, dan bobot tongkol. Konsentrasi 300–400 mL/L menghasilkan respons pertumbuhan dan produksi yang paling optimal. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa POC berbahan dasar limbah rumah tangga merupakan sumber hara alternatif yang potensial dan dapat mendukung pengelolaan limbah secara berkelanjutan, sekaligus meningkatkan kualitas tanah Entisol dan produktivitas tanaman jagung manis.
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