Respon Fisiologis Beberapa Varietas Padi Lokal Gorontalo terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan yang Disimulasikan dengan PEG-6000 pada Fase Perkecambahan
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon fisiologis beberapa genotipe padi lokal Gorontalo terhadap cekaman kekeringan yang disimulasikan menggunakan larutan Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000) pada fase perkecambahan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial, terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu genotipe padi (Temo, Maraya, Pulo Kuku, Pulo Merah, Sonu, Ponda, dan Sina) serta konsentrasi PEG-6000 (0, 12,5, dan 25 g L⁻¹), masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi daya kecambah, laju perkecambahan, indeks kecepatan perkecambahan, indeks vigor, panjang plumula, panjang akar, dan indeks sensitivitas stres (SSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi PEG berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter pertumbuhan awal benih. Penurunan potensial air akibat PEG menghambat proses imbibisi dan aktivitas metabolik benih, sehingga menurunkan daya kecambah dan vigor. Respons antar genotipe bervariasi, yang mencerminkan perbedaan kemampuan adaptasi fisiologis terhadap cekaman osmotik. Berdasarkan nilai SSI, genotipe Maraya dan Ponda dikategorikan sebagai toleran terhadap kekeringan, Pulo Kuku tergolong sedang, sedangkan Temo, Sonu, Pulo Merah, dan Sina termasuk sensitif. Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik yang potensial untuk digunakan sebagai bahan dasar dalam program pemuliaan padi lokal toleran kekeringan di wilayah Gorontalo.
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