Palynological Studies and Genetic Compatibility Levels of Orchid through Intergeneric Crossing Vanda sp., Phalaenopsis sp., and Dendrobium sp.
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji viabilitas dan daya perkecambahan polen serta tingkat kompatibilitas genetik pada persilangan intergenerik antara Vanda, Phalaenopsis, dan Dendrobium. Sebanyak 14 spesies anggrek digunakan sebagai tetua jantan dan betina dengan 29 skema persilangan. Uji viabilitas dilakukan menggunakan larutan tetrazolium, sedangkan daya perkecambahan polen diuji secara in vitro pada media Brewbaker & Kwack. Hasil menunjukkan Vanda tricolor memiliki viabilitas polen tertinggi (82,5%) dan Vanda Dr Anek × Gordon Dillon daya perkecambahan tertinggi (67,2%). Viabilitas dan perkecambahan polen berkorelasi positif dengan keberhasilan persilangan. Kombinasi Phalaenopsis (jantan) × Vanda (betina) menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan tertinggi (88,89%), sedangkan persilangan Dendrobium × Vanda menunjukkan kompatibilitas sedang (50%). Keberhasilan pembentukan buah menunjukkan adanya kompatibilitas genetik dan fisiologis yang memungkinkan pembuahan lintas genus dalam famili Orchidaceae. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa hibridisasi intergenerik antar ketiga genus tersebut berpotensi menghasilkan varietas baru dengan karakter ornamental unggul, meskipun diperlukan uji viabilitas biji dan konfirmasi molekuler untuk memastikan kestabilan genetik hibrida.
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