Tingkat Kontaminasi dan Resistensi Antibiotik Staphylococcus aureus pada Susu dari Peternakan Kambing Perah Tradisional di Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara
Abstract
Mastitis merupakan salah satu penyakit utama pada ruminansia penghasil susu tinggi yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi dan kerugian ekonomi signifikan bagi peternak. Staphylococcus aureus diketahui sebagai patogen utama penyebab mastitis klinis maupun subklinis pada kambing. Kajian mengenai resistensi antimikroba (Antimicrobial Resistance / AMR) pada isolat S. aureus dari susu kambing di Indonesia masih terbatas, dan belum pernah dilaporkan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi serta mengevaluasi tingkat resistensi antimikroba S. aureus yang berasal dari susu kambing penderita mastitis subklinis di peternakan tradisional Kabupaten Langkat. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif laboratorik dengan sampel susu yang positif California Mastitis Test (CMT). Isolasi bakteri dilakukan pada media Blood Agar Plate (BAP), Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), dan Baird Parker Agar (BPA), diikuti uji koagulase dan katalase untuk identifikasi. Uji resistensi antibiotik dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby–Bauer terhadap amoksisilin, penisilin G, dan tetrasiklin. Dari 31 sampel susu yang dianalisis, diperoleh 15 isolat S. aureus dengan tingkat resistensi masing-masing 67%, 80%, dan 13%. Hasil ini menunjukkan tingginya tingkat resistensi S. aureus terhadap antibiotik tertentu sehingga diperlukan pengawasan penggunaan antimikroba, penerapan biosekuriti, serta edukasi kepada peternak untuk menekan penyebaran bakteri resisten dan risiko kesehatan masyarakat di masa mendatang.
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