Peran Penambahan Pakan Herbal dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Nutrisi dan Kesehatan Ruminansia: Implikasi terhadap Swasembada Pangan Berbasis Peternakan
Abstract
Kemandirian pangan menjadi aspek krusial dalam menjaga ketahanan dan keberlanjutan pasokan pangan, khususnya di tengah tantangan global seperti perubahan iklim, pertumbuhan penduduk, dan keterbatasan sumber daya. Ternak ruminansia berperan strategis dengan mengonversi bahan yang tidak layak konsumsi manusia menjadi produk hewani bergizi tinggi serta memberikan manfaat ekosistem. Namun, produksi ruminansia masih menghadapi kendala berupa rendahnya efisiensi konversi pakan, emisi metana, dan masalah kesehatan hewan. Aditif pakan herbal atau fitogenik menawarkan solusi berkelanjutan melalui peningkatan kecernaan nutrisi, modifikasi mikroba rumen, perbaikan efisiensi pakan, dan peningkatan kesehatan ternak, sekaligus mengurangi penggunaan antibiotik sintetis. Pemanfaatan sumber daya pakan lokal yang dipadukan dengan aditif herbal, integrasi sistem pertanian-peternakan, serta dukungan kebijakan yang tepat dapat meningkatkan produktivitas, menekan dampak lingkungan, dan memperkuat ketahanan pangan nasional.
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